There are several theories on how people go about changing health behaviours. My favourite is Social Cognitive Theory. It discusses self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goals and sociostructural factors that either work for or against us on our quest to behave in a healthy manner. This is a useful theory to apply when designing public health campaigns, counseling or coaching interventions. But there is a necessary precondition that is not discussed, one that I think is the most crucial resource for improving health and well-being.
Time.
How often have you uttered something like “I just don’t have
the time,” or “I wish there were more hours in the day,” or “I don’t know where
the time went?”
All of these statements inaccurately reflect our
relationship with time. They imply that we have control over it, that it can be
stockpiled and moved around like some payload. We don’t and it can’t. Time acts
independently from us. It goes by at the same rate for all of us, always. No
one has time. We cannot alter its rate, at least not yet.
What we refer to when we gripe about time is how we measure
ourselves in relation to it. Humans are obsessed with time. Birthdays,
anniversaries, age, ASAP, deadlines, betimes, alarm clocks, watches, world
records, workdays, weeks off, running pace, hourly wages, meetings, on and on
it goes. Nearly everything we do is literally marked in relation to time.
This is somewhat startling when we reflect on the actual
concept of time. After all, we only ever have the present. We think a lot about
the past and future, but we never occupy these constructs.
Time as a concept only exists because we are able to
remember past events or project to future ones. We are able to conceptualize
that these events are not occurring right now. This does not, however,
accurately portray the passage of time.
We can recall a distant memory and say, “it feels like only yesterday.”
This merely means that we have an accessible memory, one that has no relation
to when the event actually happened or the fact that we are recalling it in the
present.
If you think about time in this way you might start to
question why we are so beholden to something over which we have no control. Why
does time have you under her thumb?
Like any generation before us we are a product of the
society into which we were born. It so happens that the present society is
time-obsessed. But let’s consider for a moment why humans would have wanted to
measure time at all.
Ancient humans would have had a simple relationship with time.
Sun comes up. Sun goes down. This cycle erected boundaries around the
opportunity they had to get things done, especially before the age of artificial
light sources. If out and about during the day, the position of the sun in the
sky would indicate roughly how much time they had to get back to camp.
Similarly, the pattern of constellations, once mapped, would indicate
seasonality and impending vicissitudes of local climate.
All this is to say that early conceptions of time would have
been used as a tool, a measuring stick. I put forth that this is how we should still
think of it. Time helps us organize ourselves and our groups. Its ubiquity
makes it understood by all, a common language.
When at the mercy of time, however, we never feel we can
accomplish enough. This is largely the result of historical and arbitrary
scheduling. For example, the Monday to Friday, 9-5 work week is tyrannical
operationalizing of time. Many of us are on this ride, suffering its long and
restrictive route. Someone else, your employer, has decided to book 40 hours of
your week regardless of how much they realistically expect to be produced
during that time.
This results in your planning everything else “after-hours.”
In turn, this leads to more detrimental applications of time like counting down
to your next vacation, or retirement.
At this point you might be thinking that you can’t just get
a new job or start dictating your own hours, and you would be right. It likely
would not be easy, or done right away, because our economy is structured
against it. The way our economy is set up is another societal construct, which
can, and do, change over…time. If enough people agree that we should evolve
from being held captive by time and rigid schedules to using time as the tool it
should be, we can change.
Practically now, what can an individual do in their relationship with time to promote health and well-being? First, I suggest, think about time in the terms we’ve just covered. Think about your current relationship with time. Are you using it as a tool? Or is it using you as one of its interconnecting cogs in the giant timepiece of our era?
Next, reflect on all of the things you’ve ever heard or read
about “time management.” You can find multiple time management strategies out
there with between seven and twenty so-called rules. The existence of these
self-help diatribes is a symptom of our broken relationship with time. No
matter the list, these strategies always have two simple themes in common:
Theme 1: There are a certain number of things you must
do regularly to live as a human:
- Eat
- Sleep
- Perform hygiene
- Generate income
- Get supplies to do all of the above
This is modern survival. It takes a certain amount of time.
How much depends on your context.
Theme 2: Time remaining after the must-dos is ideal if
used in meaningful ways.
This means prioritizing, determining the essential things for
you. What do you want to experience and how do you plan to bring these
experiences to your present, so that they may become the things you recall in
your past, “like it was only yesterday?”
Theme 1 is where the core of health is captured. Theme 2 is
where health and well-being thrive.
Notice what isn’t in Theme 1; exercise, family time, socializing,
reading, romance, higher education, to name a few. These are the first things
to go when you don’t get to control your allocation of time. The same list makes
up the main constituents of our well-being.
If you are successful with this dichotomy, the income
generating component of Theme 1 will be something that you care about,
effectively moving it to Theme 2, providing meaning and purpose. Otherwise,
your vocation may have an adverse ripple effect, eating into Theme 2-time, paperwork
and e-mails after-hours, early meetings, traveling, and so on.
To summarize, each week (or whatever chunk of time you
choose) we have to do a bunch of little things, and we get to do
one or two big things, the ones we deeply care about. Yet what we often do is
schedule 3-4x as many little things as we need, forcing out the more important
big things.
I suggest using time as a tool to book and measure the
little things, to ensure they don’t use too much time. This way we have
the opportunity to explore the essential big things. For these we should not
assign arbitrary deadlines. The future remembering self will not care how long
it took or if it was “late.” The most important things, the ones that bolster
our well-being, don’t have time limits. If you are doing the right things,
fully present while doing them, time really doesn’t matter.